《经济解释》-张五常-5

èElvis Presley λèèèèкèèζèУèèèЩЩвЩɡнɡУнн塣нδннннЩнκαúòòгеκбЩmonopoly rent M Friedman G J Stigler κгЩprofit Щ鱾normalprofit abnormal profit úProfit profit ЩеУеαжоЩзУй顣κм濴棬гз磬дαгprofit profit and loss statement profit αwindfall profit windfall loss зоλmaximization бпɡйдодα±кüзwindfall ЩепвойA Smith 侭侭估ЩīдΣЩо裬üΣ棬óдóоthe law of diminishing marginal productivity the law of diminishing returns ɡempirical law бvariables е粻marginal product пmarginal productivity theory factors of production СССɡССɡйЩгбЩкü仯ЧЧΣproductionfunction βУиЧβУЧ仯жtotalproduct average product marginalproduct бF H Knight, 1921 ΥСlumpiness indivisibility λκ壬ССЩЩЩɡεlinearly homogeneous P Wicksteed the law ofvariable proportions мееɡ粻Wicksteed дУ仯ееЩб鼼麬üü仯壩бfactor demand curve бк仯бЩ仯абббЪMarshall xone instant of time СЧЩ鱾н棩postulate κκβ壬пУЩЩóСмЩáλγɡΣU- shape йεαòгαò粻鱾īJ Viner Y K Wong йλйи鷳жгεЧжεmass production Щ鱾·Сlumpiness indivisibility JHirshleifer Сθμбentrepreneurial capacity кβεЩ裬Щε衣Чλefficiency unit Чλκκ侭neoclassical economics ЪЩЩЧ裬÷ɡбкв衣нáббЩɡɡɡɡеɡгΧйA AAAlchian üCosts and Outputs 1959 B F Haley εгxйthe relevant run program 档δvolume of output rate of output δ±仯г綨бСoverheadcosts игйг仯λJ Hirshleifer е飨propositions 鲻ɡвɡ1776 нзtransaction costs 磬òнЧбЧЩ±óóдг鶨Щйе飬ε京ЧЧЧЧεx綨ЧλεггЪeconomies of scale overhead costs Ъsupplementary costs пJ M Clark, 1923 R H Coase, 1938 Щ鱾overhead costs 壬direct costs prime costs УκЩá˙nЩЩòкЩòquasi rent úáЩкú塣ЩооЩЩ綨пκκ˙nЩЩв飬Щеequity ˙nгкü仯嶨Щοмfullcapacity 嶨гввЩЩλáС豸Сл齭ιλ嶨棬ì嶨ɡЩá嶨顣оем嶨嶨м綨ЩЩмкЩЩи棬ɡое鼮棺飬档оеСгɡг$ 7,000 $ 2,700 У$ 4,000 $ 2,000 $ 3,000 $ 2,000 $ 20,700 $ 657 $ 13,149 $ 90,000 $ 54,000 $ 9,000 $ 45,000 $ 13,149 $ 20,700 $ 11,151 氡鼮$ 1589 $ 952 $ 452 νйлй棬мЩ档емеòìгг辺Щ棩塣п档п棬У棬У鼮бɡнЩ棬м棬$ 493 $ 657 $ 539 У鼮г顣й÷гйmonopolist ùйжгУгггйжгΧг鼮棬ж鼮棬鲻ɡ棬о飨λ鱾λεΥЧpublicutilities гйй顣鱾λΣ鱾Чinefficient κγ鱾ν裬ЩЩйЧУ棬λδβйáεɡЩйй滮治òλ鱾λκκáни棻硣T R Malthus 1766- 1834 μgeometric progression arithmetic progression bеúáййкн滹е佻飬зо浽īЩСдгɡеdivision of labour ɡйüīɡīδСīеλ磬òξеСоогЭΨеггм佻ггг棬егвгЩ书档ùеЩм档漫postulate of constrainedmaximization ЩоУовкавR H Coase оA AAAlchian G J Stigler 壬еinformationcost ЩзеУйtransaction costs ггнй·Will China Go Capitalist СλннввЧгенггЧзйκηЧгλK Arrow нггнг轻г飬üнггЩг飬йЩЩ粻еáкáвСЩЩáнЩнóinstitutional costs áüУ