《经济解释》-张五常-4

νν磿гдЦ桸Уν壡桶дди壬δУɡ飬йvalue Щinterest income investment wealth capital cost rent profit дзоοоЩúáдɡζpricingarrangements price searching transaction costs factors of production ɡСЩCoase Theorem ÷÷÷棬ββ岻Щ飻мtheory of interest úдfinance J Hirshleifer I Fisher, 1867- 1947 risks 俼investment theory зνЩλλое÷index numbers nелкв廨áδггinflationary expectation γreal rate of interest Щгбterms structureof interest rates гй壬ЩСɡгúЩ磬дáгСá塣бò浽Щκнéй棬νоЩ÷磬зδекнáЩллггж黹λnumeraire 壬С塹λɡгλimpatience toconsume á·opportunity to invest лζresource κμгpresent value future value гIncome is a series of events 仯СмУwealth δδб仯Щκй鱾гδ壬еòannuity income 估M Friedman A Theory of theConsumption Function permanent income г塣Щááá磬棬dictum Interest is not a part of income, but thewhole of income змгнЩcapital value capital asset Сúincome discounted future income discounted present income мòЩкααfactors of production з硣óinvestment Investment is the balancing of consumption overtime Income is potential consumption without trenching onwealth saving 飨ССδκ飬Чùг壬岻2% 162 90 4% 14,586 8,103 6% 1,312,949 729,416 8% 118,187,944 65,659,969 帴118 consumption Щ临ЩеЩλгУгЩоindifference curve 仡滻marginal time preference rate мг滻timeshape ЩоЩЩ棬粨wealth Щνnon- pecuniary income ΡòЦ飬Сй鲻òáУ··нгδ黹пгκλòɡлп黹гмɡнггиrate of return over cost 磻Ц費ннг飬塢СнЩ乫едúдúдνеЩAlchian áutility ònon- pecuniary goods pecuniarygoods 滻÷滻гòóмinternalrate of return Fisher solution wealth г硣ΣΣεɡ磬мúP Samuelson изáмЯззмезгз硣áее硣棬壩K Boulding 塢ЩЩ鱾áг棬м硣Умкī档硣·绹СóжúɡδммйСζ鹷Сseparation theorem óгùгнгег滻滻йüУnecessary but not sufficient 罨壬ССжεмгп磬Ща棬Щгīмйɡг。f6 H Johnson ɡУpotential actual ЩThe Theory of Interest жαЩīαгдαЩЩαúνcost λЩáááácost д岻Щopportunitycost гáвгThe cost of an event is the highest- valued opportunity necessarilyforsaken гмüθйСнСò绨СнСбУбμбб档л鷳δuse value 塣Уannuity Сcost СЩ˙nЩΣжмùмɡCost йtransaction cost transaction cost ásocial cost вйcomparative cost ɡthe lawof comparative advantage specialize λвг档M Friedman D Ricardo òɡ 100--1 90--1 2 120--1 80--1 2оabsoluteadvantage λ0833 λ100120 λ1125 90 80 λ0889 8090 120 120 100 ratio AB вовκЩ220220 100 2125 17080 ó1125 1125 ó1125 10 1125 1075 óJ S Mill 1848 огó嶨裩侭E Heckscher 1919 B Ohlin 1933 A P Lerner 1932 P A Samuelson 1948 óóЩввЩνpurchasing power parity е籩кüóйййУ衣ггвгкймгжΨбrent ùeconomic rent quasi rent quasi A Smith The Wealth ofNations resource allocation income distribution 棬棬Ψе档αдαлδивСsurplus ΣH George, 1839- 1897 鵥εProgress and Poverty, 1879 д塣1817 濴differential rent в1848 взΣκйЪ1890 longrun short run ЩЪquasi rent economic rent rent ЪκЪλMrs J Robinson 1903- 1983 The Economics ofImperfect Competition УлA Digression on Rent Ъ