ЩСall or none飬вС塣С壬ж忴ЩСЩ壬忿жмСGotzMartis1889еΧЩabscissaЩСordinateЩЩ16еЩСССС1106150С410Χг仯1Sehur1926λ廹壬successive comparisonsimultaneous comparison4.8018.319.7216.0020.223.426.257.2022.427.731.516.0032.441.6701754еЩ166У·ССС7BeyrlЩ鶼е壬7102·1112СЩС22MrsFrank1928веBrown19281Aubert di- aphragm6164diagonal16function漰Уεб嶼16м漰嶼ЩеЩе绤жжЩЩ4С41/21470ЩSchur飬СáУС忴áССúУ3331350С1350ЩУl18683elevation2248022е6015.225С25Сangle of elevationЩκξЩжеδепνСС塣УССζChrysler Building·СЩЩй糵ССС塱κpattern of the proximal local stimuliЩδ費òú軹漰Щú磬е屾裬üе壬塣е屾з塣γecperience error19291926P163ó俴κζоlaws of organizationУ123еУбб涨綨Χ仯潫Χп嵥ЩбббСбЩЩundirected motionЩpsychophysical orga-nizationУСáMatterhornС180000棬дееоЩЩintraorganicЩЩоеУУУЩ棬УУеЩееstructureЩЩЩЩУ棨freshnessfatigueγЩSir Henry HeadvigilanceлSir Charles Sheringtonд磬èmedulla oblongata20èèκβdeep reflexskneejerkquadricepschloroformanklejerkΨ洦λκν192Ip 482豻жеκη鷴mass reflexУκβλγСβλСΧеλp480481Ρ淢θPP481482Щinclusive鷴ззйЧλзУбддвBoulogneFrontλNewcastleвpp493494ò鲢δó档±κp496ζ仯нС仯ЩЩЩù衣ЩЩЧоло顢оЩл滳δ壬еδС紵ооЩоò裬оλúκζЩоκ壬βо裬ЩЩЩЩβδβо鲻Щйо飬飬ввоadded imageryонеο谭У磬裨δо裩衣áоеdynamic theoryУ ɡЩΨ漰1λγ212壻ЩСfield organizationproximal stimulusоλγunit formationbehaviouralspaceβСЩЩоλκгκκеδζstationary distributions仯ЩЩСmaximumminimun propertiesЩparameterдСС佨·звС·kirchhoff s law I1I2 R2R1УI1I2intensitiesR1R2·衣ЩR1·I1R2·I2I1СI2С[·綯electromotive force]йУССеЩ棬γγСamount of massСССУνУ綯·йkohlertimeindependent statesйС192p250СЩμ1924p533behavioural environmentβл档С澿пεЩЩУ濪1920pp257fCurieMachSymmetryregularityΧЩκòΡ壨medium壻δεСstreamlined-СпequilibriumЩ崦仯йи档òСв塣Сùеpsychophysical organizationооУ壻ùWertheimerlaw of PragnanzágoodУáδ綨нЩоейhomoge-neouslocal stimulation飬οУеΣdiscontinuityΡλù棬Decartesian system of co-ordinates档xyе棬λxy汣xy档йЩеνλ8ai8b8a棬8b棬Xiмpoleneutral lightЩеcondensed÷Metzger1930p13Щdistantstimuliproximal stimulationУbehavioural fogκ棬Уλ棬λУ档albedocoefficient of reflectionλλλLiIλLiIiILκйLСILIiiLILPI/PPκpositive numberiiL棬10к110Ще濴沢κκ漰к棬L1L2I1I2L1I1=L2I2еiδdependent variableм棬Separate variablesimpressivenessinsistencyг漰漰Ego÷p201896GEMuller綨оpp20fе÷TitchenerobjectEgo relationóЧ÷豸÷豸棬44125棬20012511615κеСл±棬潫Χ棬÷飨microstructureaccommodationСеЧЩthree dimensional仯δtwo dimensionalBerleleyPerception of depthоsensoryнp162衣裨constancy hypothesisδеΣ棨boundary surfaceЩλλδμ1930棨surfaceЩζвparameterкκ顣в1920-òЩ棨bounding plane surface棬dynamic飬仯Щмλlocalsignλииλ1926Goldstein1927г飬оGelb1920棬зδ仯濴15濴23úЩεдв4óphenomenal spaceЧС÷価СС÷УкС档üн潫佫СЩ÷ЩЩиЩ佫κβ忿role of accommodation÷УòС÷кУЩЩιеΡ÷УδпУжòΣ仯ζЩp256пζλλ貢objectEgo壭αоз档÷У轫behavioural spaceвνов÷飨綨費ò乹Щ档涨λ潫÷бгУ治γζЩУ棬ζ飬λй糵±ν档Щ÷У1252Χ÷нùСpositive correlationеconvergenceпáи飬ж嶨λlocalizationЩΣЩunivocalЩеóìеúооЩо棬鵽о棬漰mental chemosttyλ壬壬ЩЩμ p119úУ仯ΣΧΡδйЩ飬enclosingenclosed÷е顣Сδ档濴Σá洦бУбδdiscontinuityУСδЩΣЩУΧfield articulation档裬УЩ棬Щκ磬īγīУκīгīī档īλunitsegregatedΣīshapeīλΧλγЩunificationcolouredζλγЩforces of cohesionforces of segregation漰仯Щī192p138У潫γ壬ζЩκвлùκùSSLiebmannоЧΣΣluminosityεеСвζЧЧЩЩЩЩв壬塣MRMRHarrowerо棬еáhard and soft coloursеI pp159 fκ20ΡγУTalbots lawcolour wheelqualityвL1L2aлL1BL2360LL1L2360=L1360L2мЩλ1360Уаλ4720340е482lУ52У83303Ч壬ЩЩЩЩУпΣε仯ЩЧ仰DrMintzлЧcoincidence pointν÷УЧЩ仯λγùз档īλ9,Buh-ler1913оοaΣb紵cбнλУλйЧfunctional effectsЧмЧЧ鹦LLHartmann飬оcritical fusion frequencyepiscotisterпУ谭棬СλЪSchumanntachistoscopeС仯Щ澭屩棬侭齫ΣΣЧνм9a9c94мЩЪУa11000зΡ11901161080105ùùЩΡ10мΣ10ΡУε5зУ10У10Ρ1260123Ρ1170114УЩн±ΣβεdeadspaceúαελУУα棬У棬档ЧαЩζ漰漰λλλ棬ЪstressЩλγУЩЩΣεЩЩЩΧ崦óīκεЩЩεЩóЩЩλλνfield of ContrastССΧΧЩλЧУеЩеЩHerings theoryпЧλκιйвУδкinlying fieldΧλЩЧWhitening effectЧdarkening effectκαСЩгBin-nenKontrastinternal contrastΧΧеsummativeabsoluteηλγЧcharacter of absolutenessεССкκжкμWertheimer飬1915p40Benussi1916p61nMeyerWundtЩеó11ε塣νοйιУλλλλЧλе价ЧЩУУFuchs19231923TudorHartGMGMHeideròóЩе磬ζΡУáΣ裺áе齫8УζЩлGMЩp52ССΡ12СЩεСεεУеУСΧУΣΣγΣйì-УУ·У鼫BenaryWHMikesellMBentleyJGJGJenkins飬·еν12abУСΣоλΣaλb账Сξ硣СaбbУиabЩCСaпbиЩbпaиЩaУλbУληεУвλЩλfieldpartζó壬飬ЩЧμ鲻СaУΣСеgood formbУСεαСεθУlaw of prag-nanceЩЧйЧЧ-УЧЩЩУг岻κ壬裬Уй壬ΧΧκκеΡУУextermal forces of organizationinternal forces of organizationν漰磬ΣЩУЩйΣеЩīīвпóλdislocationκ裺ЩΨòЩЩеЩκδκλ裬СλпУСλκЩ飺Сλακ13Σ12ΣΣ43030ЩλЩλΡΣ8991ΡЧεΧΡperspective distortionЩеееСΡ飬Сsubliminal90905ζthresholdе飬αеΣλЩ14б仯ЩεеαελΣαθεлЩУ123С磻4after-imagesαЩеLindemannЩΣ20asigma15ΣΣ1617ΣGranit192116Σ 1117еβΣΡЩ·зоЩ17κΡУεеЩΣδαй1900HempsteadTitchenerЩп俪αСοεWohlfahrtùЩΣЩε粻ССεЩЩλЩαЩо顣нγΣЩлλ°GoetheεHRothschildЩЩУΣΡЩε棬δγг18Уγε棬1919a19bX19b19a13νblind SpotУеΧ6ΧЩУhole飬йЩ裨constancy hypothesis··VoIkmann1855棨Wittich1863顣зε档ЩεвεκСεΣover compensatedЩζδ飬ЩЩ20δЩлεЧλйУЩμεsimplicityЩòЩЩйīnegative success顣Ще壬λγΧ飬ЧЩеóп仰óλγУ漰ΨЧжλκЩζжЩЩЩУbжa飺ЩЧЩЧīζЩЩΧòСЩЩμp110С飬κúеattitudeеζг綨λòЩУоеео价еΣоnonnoticed sensationsμδ棬оú档-пεЩμPP134fУЩЩЩУΧclose proximitycontigui-ty鼰ЩУиЩУЩУγΣΣΧΡδоЧΧ壬зЩЩЩδСεвСβεμP143СЩиcohesivenessδ飬飬Щзδ价ЩλΧЩзЧδЧ跨ξpragnanz浥跨ΣЩαθЩ磬Σε棬 law of goodShapeζγεεжεεε棬λж裬ΧЧ貢еδδЩáоЩline patternеЩóЩɡЩЩзЩСΣΣsurface figuresζζ14p141ЩΣ2122УΣмУΡУαΣУαΡУεζжζκ1923ɡLaw of good continuationн23ΣBuhler1913опУunumduo涼е棬ΣζЩ棬24ЩЧенЩмЩΣееЧ飬28Ρλa濴ΣΣ4СΣb棬ΣмΣΣΣCУΣΣе1923M飬2929棬MMWertheimerMW棬Σ192519291926У5aЩ13ЩЩ跨鱻b2齫úУЩ±bbаabпa30a67b磬aиbaba裬3a3Σ8a520Ρ3У230аbΣ8У5б鲢飬1ab鱻92нΣ鱻242з4Ρ2γУ鱻з5Σ鱻з3Ρ3δaз5Ρ4a6b6У13aУ45aa6.65.0a93.495.0Щ顣鹦bмbζaЩΣaθΡеκе30aΣ顣a3520жκbжa32еЩЩεлμpp146fbaЩbΡ3130bУдò顣b飬aУtotal situationЩaУ192p210е33ЩЩЩпЩйlaws of spontaneous organizationУЩЩ34УabcΣΣλΣ棬C壬bb35λε棬bЩζеκЩЩЧaΣ壬ЩCCеκΣbУ滹涼йbbacɡЩηù1930е36еεΡ36棬еУЩЩthe theory of depth perceptionε棬ЩΣnativistsоparallax鴴ìΨκеfunctionalWoodworthsigns of distanceЩáP400пбе廯ЩЩЩУжοΡЩУκвЩαεЩЩЩЩЩ档ЧУЩЧαΣstereoscopeУЩЩУЩ2濴鲣йбЩУ37УabcΡεЧ38У3739abcd壬12345鲣μprimaryμsecondaryЩμα40Улп40пκУáдезУβζ档ЩЩ塣аЩЩProximityclosure1923192519304142УγЩУЩпκСеЩequalty跨и43aУ鲢groupingá鲢ɡκеЩйfiguregroundУìδABбЧABе1929p.180尴κεelectric forces±Уγ==μp16510closureУP151451929оЩγЩγ45Уб46棬46aABCDaУBADCbУμ壨subwholesABCDòеЧáеλγ档47УbΣHertzɡbгaΣΣbЩЩλУ仯磬Mach1865ЩЩв綨λУУУ漰棨漰棨áУ仯仯Щp111仯Xб48a48bCP仯48a仯X仯48b棬PΧ48c棬PΧЩP70PPPPPPЩЩMach ringsλλΧ18651885Helmholtzphysiological theory of contrastУMRMRHarrowerЩЩLiebmannЧó仯Thouless飬ЩУЧ顣еΡойЩЧоlaw of pragnanzstationary or-ganizationsЩСmaximminimum principles鲼unityuniformitygood continuationsimple shapeclosurνСЩСУαafter-imageαЧαСκе飬ЩЩеóЩ磬ФФбСΣ50ΡκЩac- commodation PP 119fУδòDrFaust鷿еλòСλp108corollary仯СsubsystemСУСо1924лжСΧδintegrative functionежquantityorder壨meaningζЩЩоС档Уκδеλùλ塱significanceЯεΥΥУfeeling of the fitСκλ壻÷鹫ЩЩ壬ЩЩУЩ壬collocationЩλЩλУУζ塣岻Уκ弰е- κ -κ--θ-档оθое-漰Щ档ЩorganizationforcesЧЩк·thingrnonthingsframework硱shaped boundednessλγunit formationɡsegregation棬ЩΣódimensionо棨surfacesоУRubin1915νκfigure and groundСλunitβСδСκСζfieldСεСαεdouble representation仰漰вλСκеУdepthdifferenceΣΣЩУdynamic conditions鲢档棬κκδ汻еóегκο档ллννì滰ипЩcounterpartgeographical environmentвbehavioural environmentжζеΣΣйΣйΡλпá壬裨constancy hypothesisУνΡ棬鲣棬濴νЩΣ壬УСλ棬λеЩЩ±ЩKopfermannshape determiningfactor棬УΣεonesided functionpp150fasymmetryκΣΧ漰Σ硣2751δСΣduo organizationε粻Сε磬ε磬51εκΣδЭduo of coordination22м渺ΣΡУЩΣССuniformfactor of equalityunity52εεdoublesidedáκ53ЧеЩЩЭЩеκеóУЩRubinЩΡСΡgroundСγΡfigure綨ùΣ4p83仯54пΣΡεκΡСεУγγΣδЩЩframeworkЩЩУδ棬棬γεγù鹦ЩεУκλΣΡHartmannflicker fusionμ4pp129fαξиcriticalfusion rateεorientationεΣΣòΣΡеKopfermannУbΣεaУЩaαθɡ55aΣ56aΣе55a棬СУ56a棬СС漰ab5556УУábеЧaеССìЩеСеСɡεЧεЧεЧ56aΣθЩеСУΡУеnonthingоμkohler1929p219εУУκйααΣйеκ57УβбУ54Ρ457УT·κЩζλЩHartmannСΣеκζflicker÷p131аеУ123γ12θεGelb and Granitе5959ЩЩùСε±Сκвóκκλád1fζg1If2Ig3df4dgУмΡ1234бвЩУγMRHarrowerЩκо漰ЧLiebmann effectЩоЧP127оЧ-òεСбиhSfgκнЧf g1 h h2 h s3 s h4 s sзlegibilityеЩ30дЩ101дд303ú3±漰- 33- 12- 79- 38ζ33Ч1234еθ磬мвβ飩Hering飨1920ΣΣ棺12ЩΣЩ鲻ЩУЩЩ漰档κоΧùΣЩεεбеЩ綨ЩΣЩУеκЩλλεбλáRubinδСЩедЩЩΣзκγλΡθGraham60baееСλСλΣλе棬棬δúεκδЩпαdouble representationβССλΣΡκζùdynamicsòνενСdynamical reasonоС61СλελΣЭл62棬ΣΣСΡЩλlocal stimulationblind SpotоhemianopicоЩpp144ffСЩУconvergenceУdivergenceΧе綨Χ62ЩΣε磬硣磬磬ЩVon HornbostelΧЩβЩУСΣáССáЩ1920меκСΣееЩ綨飻pp187190棬βСй涨СɡеССЩξΣСЧζνλdegrees of figuredness綨еСЩ